Autism spectrum disorder is a group of neurodevelopmental disabilities characterized by social communication deficits and stereotypic behaviors. Currently, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of autism spectrum disorder, but the research of Woo-Yang Kim, Ph.D., associate professor in 麻豆精选鈥檚 Department of Biological Sciences within the College of Arts and Sciences, might lead to a change.
As opposed to diseases, infections or environmental exposures, there is no known factor that causes autism spectrum disorder. Kim鈥檚 research started with mice, targeting to identify causal factors and related brain mechanisms.
To make a working nervous system, two forces are necessary: excitation and inhibition. Excitatory signaling from one cell to another makes the latter cell more likely to fire. Inhibitory signaling makes the latter cell less likely to fire.
鈥淒ecreased inhibitory activity was found in the mouse model that shifted the balance between excitation and inhibition toward excitation,鈥 Kim said. 鈥淥ne way to rescue this imbalance is to increase the inhibitory tone in the brain.鈥
Kim鈥檚 research with mice has led to identifying and further testing for a potential treatment option for autism spectrum disorder symptoms.
A drug (clonazepam) was developed based on the brain analysis of the mouse subject. This drug acts by increasing the level of inhibitory activity in the brain. Kim鈥檚 research found that clonazepam reverses autism spectrum disorder symptoms in the mouse model.
These results are now being tested in human clinical trials with the help of collaborators outside Kent State.
鈥淲e鈥檙e hoping they鈥檒l find the same results we did in our preclinical trials,鈥 he said.
Current graduate students have also been working on this project with the help of select undergraduate students.
Kim says that current and future studies will focus on molecular mechanisms, develop potential treatment tools for autism-related developmental conditions and develop a biomarker for diagnosis and clinical endpoint assessment.
Biomarker development is particularly important for autism spectrum disorder research.
鈥淥ne of the biggest challenges in the autism research field is a lack of a reliable biomarker for the disorder,鈥 he said. 鈥淭hat creates difficulties in assessing patients when we develop drugs.鈥
麻豆精选is ranked as an R1 research institution by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, which is the highest recognition that doctoral universities can receive, affirming Kent State鈥檚 place as an elite research institution along with Yale, Harvard and the University of California-Berkeley.
Read more about Kim and his research.
Read more about Kent State鈥檚 Department of Biological Sciences.